Annual Reports on Surveillance and Monitoring for Harmful Chemical Substances in Animal Feed (in the fiscal year 2013)
1 Mycotoxins
A total of 230 formula feed and mixed feed samples and 238 feed ingredient samples of 26 types was subjected to monitoring program conducted by FAMIC (Food and Agricultural Materials Inspection Center) for 19 mycotoxins. The results of monitoring for aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone regulated by the guiding tolerance of toxic substances from April 2013 to March 2014 are summarized as follows.
1.1 Aflatoxin B1
A total of 230 formula feed samples was analyzed for aflatoxin B1. The highest value was 0.01 mg/kg in formula feed for milking cows. No sample exceeded the standard values (0.01 mg/kg for growing animals and milking cow, 0.02 mg/kg for the other livestocks) set by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (hereinafter the same).
A total of 238 feed ingredient samples was analyzed for aflatoxin B1. Aflatoxin B1 was detected mainly from corn, by-products of corn, milo, barley, cassava, wheat bran, soybean by-products and beet pulp. The highest values in each feed ingredient were as follows:
0.016 mg/kg in corn imported from the USA,
0.0005 mg/kg in milo imported from the USA,
0.011 mg/kg in barley imported from Canada,
0.0006 mg/kg in cassava imported from Thailand,
0.008 mg/kg in corn gluten meal imported from the USA,
0.014 mg/kg in the domestic corn gluten feed,
0.002 mg/kg in corn DDG imported from the USA,
0.006 mg/kg in corn DDGS imported from the USA,
0.007 mg/kg in the domestic hominy feed,
0.0009 mg/kg in the domestic wheat bran,
0.001 mg/kg in the domestic soybean hulls,
0.005 mg/kg in soybean meal imported from India and
0.007 mg/kg in beet pulp imported from Canada.
1.2 Deoxynivalenol
A total of 230 formula feed samples was analyzed for deoxynivalenol. The highest value was 1.4 mg/kg in formula feed for beef cattle. No sample exceeded the standard values (4 mg/kg for the cattle (over 3 months-old), 1 mg/kg for the other livestocks).
A total of 238 feed ingredient samples was analyzed for deoxynivalenol. Deoxynivalenol was detected mainly from corn, grain, by-products of corn and grain, milo, cassava, rice bran, rapeseed meal, soybean meal and beet pulp. The highest values in each feed ingredient were as follows:
1.1 mg/kg in corn imported from Ukraine,
0.035 mg/kg in milo imported from Argentina,
0.77 mg/kg in wheat imported from Canada,
0.26 mg/kg in barley imported from Canada,
0.077 mg/kg in cassava imported from Thailand,
0.085 mg/kg in the domestic wheat flour,
0.17 mg/kg in the domestic flaked barley,
0.041 mg/kg in the domestic rice bran,
3.6 mg/kg in corn gluten feed imported from China,
0.34 mg/kg in corn gluten meal imported from China,
0.59 mg/kg in wheat bran imported from Sri Lanka,
1.9 mg/kg in corn DDG imported from the USA,
7.4 mg/kg in corn DDGS imported from the USA,
0.025 mg/kg in the domestic barley bran,
0.15 mg/kg in the domestic hominy feed,
0.12 mg/kg in the domestic rapeseed meal,
0.035 mg/kg in soybean meal imported from India and
0.084 mg/kg in beet pulp imported from Canada.
1.3 Zearalenone
A total of 230 formula feed samples was analyzed for zearalenone. The highest value was 0.21 mg/kg in formula feed for breeding beef cows. No sample exceeded the standard value (1 mg/kg).
A total of 237 feed ingredient samples was analyzed for zearalenone. Zearalenone was detected mainly from corn, grain, by-products of corn and grain, milo, cotton seed, cassava, rice bran, soybean by-products, rice bran, rapeseed meal, coconut husk, sesame meal and beet pulp. The highest values in each ingredient were as follows:
0.36 mg/kg in corn imported from Brazil,
0.17 mg/kg in milo imported from the USA,
0.025 mg/kg in wheat imported from the USA,
0.021 mg/kg in barley imported from Canada,
0.009 mg/kg in cotton seed imported from Australia,
0.005 mg/kg in cassava imported from Thailand,
0.013 mg/kg in the domestic rice bran,
0.006 mg/kg in the domestic defatted rice bran,
0.94 mg/kg in corn gluten feed imported from China,
0.98 mg/kg in corn gluten meal imported from China,
0.016 mg/kg in wheat bran imported from Sri Lanka,
0.008 mg/kg in the domestic soybean hull,
0.096 mg/kg in corn DDG imported from the USA,
0.012 mg/kg in the domestic hominy feed,
0.16 mg/kg in corn DDGS imported from the USA,
0.002 mg/kg in the domestic rapeseed meal,
0.012 mg/kg in soybean meal imported from China,
0.007 mg/kg in the domestic sesame meal,
0.019 mg/kg in coconut husk imported from the Philippines and
0.075 mg/kg in beet pulp imported from Canada.
2 Heavy metals
A total of 156 formula and mixed feed samples, 31 feed ingredient samples such as fish meal and two samples of rice straw was subjected to monitoring program conducted by FAMIC for cadmium, lead, arsenic and mercury, which were established the standard value by MAFF.
2.1 Cadmium
A total of 156 formula feed samples and one sample of rice straw was analyzed for cadmium. The highest value was 0.28 mg/kg in formula feed for layers. No sample exceeded the standard value (1 mg/kg).
A total of 31 feed ingredient samples was analyzed for cadmium. The highest value was 1.9 mg/kg in the domestic fish meal. No sample exceeded the standard value (3 mg/kg).
2.2 Lead
A total of 156 formula feed samples and one sample of rice straw was analyzed for lead. The highest value was 1.3 mg/kg in formula feed for beef cattle. No sample exceeded the standard value (3 mg/kg).
A total of 31 feed ingredient samples was analyzed for lead. The highest value was 3.8 mg/kg in the domestic fish meal. No sample exceeded the standard value (7 mg/kg).
2.3 Mercury
A total of 156 formula feed samples and one sample of rice straw was analyzed for mercury. The highest value was 0.18 mg/kg in formula feed for pullets. No sample exceeded the standard value (0.4 mg/kg).
A total of 31 feed ingredient samples was analyzed for mercury. The highest value was 1 mg/kg in the domestic fish meal. No sample exceeded the standard value (1 mg/kg).
2.4 Arsenic
A total of 14 formula feed samples was analyzed for arsenic. The highest value was 0.88 mg/kg in formula feed for growing chicks. No sample exceeded the standard value (2 mg/kg).
Two rice straw samples were analyzed for arsenic. The highest value was 2.3 mg/kg in the sample imported from China. No sample exceeded the standard value (7 mg/kg).
3 Agricultural chemicals
Feed and feed ingredient samples were subjected to the monitoring program conducted by FAMIC for a total of 59704 data for 142 agricultural chemicals. No sample exceeded the maximum residue limits set by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.
For formula feed, a total of 246 samples was tested for 130 agricultural chemicals.
As a result, the following nine agricultural chemicals were detected:
Pirimiphos-methyl was detected in 112 samples and the highest value was 520 µg/kg.
Chlorpyrifos-methyl was detected in 31 samples and the highest value was 740 µg/kg.
Malathion was detected in nine samples and the highest value was 92 µg/kg.
Fenitrothion was detected in seven samples and the highest value was 210 µg/kg.
Bifenthrin was detected in five samples and the highest value was 40 µg/kg.
Chlorpyrifos was detected in three samples and the highest value was 13 µg/kg.
Fenbuconazole was detected in three samples and the highest value was 35 µg/kg.
Chlorpropham was detected in two samples and the highest value was 200 µg/kg.
Difenoconazole was detected in two samples and the highest value was 50 µg/kg.
For feed ingredients, a total of 268 samples was tested for 135 agricultural chemicals.
As a result, the following 22 agricultural chemicals were detected:
Chlorpyrifos-methyl was detected in 16 samples and the highest value was 1000 µg/kg in corn imported from Argentina.
Pirimiphos-methyl was detected in 16 samples and the highest value was 1200 µg/kg in corn imported from Brazil.
Malathion was detected in ten samples and the highest value was 150 µg/kg in the domestic wheat bran.
Cadusafos was detected in three samples and the highest value was 96 µg/kg in Timothy hay imported from the USA.
Glufosinate was detected in three samples and the highest value was 61 µg/kg in corn imported from Brazil.
Cyhalothrin was detected in three samples and the highest value was 100 µg/kg in Sudangrass hay imported from the USA.
Fenbuconazole was detected in three samples and the highest value was 46 µg/kg in Timothy hay imported from Canada.
Propiconazole was detected in three samples and the highest value was 2800 µg/kg in ryegrass straw imported from the USA.
Acephate was detected in two samples and the highest value was 230 µg/kg in the domestic soybean hull.
Tebuconazole was detected in two samples and the highest value was 1200 µg/kg in oat hay imported from Australia.
Bifenthrin was detected in two samples and the highest value was 89 µg/kg in corn imported from Brazil.
Flutolanil was detected in two samples and the highest value was 33 µg/kg in the domestic defatted rice bran.
Isofenphos was detected in one wheat bran imported from the USA and the value was 102 µg/kg.
Chlorpyrifos was detected in one corn imported from Argentina and the highest value was 55 µg/kg.
Deltamethrin and tralomethrin was detected in one domestic corn gluten feed and the value was 170 µg/kg.
Tolclofos-methyl was detected in one wheat bran imported from the USA and the value was 91 µg/kg.
Fenitrothion was detected in one domestic rice bran and the value was 45 µg/kg.
Fensulfothion was detected in one oat imported from Australia and the value was 57 µg/kg.
Fenvalerate was detected in one domestic wheat bran and the value was 21 µg/kg.
Flucythrinate was detected in one DDGS imported from the USA and the value was 33 µg/kg.
Pendimethalin was detected in one Bermuda grass hay imported from the USA and the value was 82 µg/kg.
Metominostrobin was detected in one domestic rice bran and the value was 27 µg/kg.
4 Other contaminants
4.1 Nitrate form nitrogen
A total of 15 hay samples, including eight Sudangrass and seven alfalfa was analyzed for nitrate form nitrogen. The highest values of each type of hay were 1600 mg/kg in Sudangrass imported from the USA and 860 mg/kg in alfalfa imported from the USA. When these hay are used for feeding, the following guideline should be referred and pay special attention to the handling of the grass.
4.2 Malachite
A total of 14 samples of formula feed and 18 samples of fish meal was analyzed for melamine. As a result, melamine was not detected from these samples.
